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pharmakon
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Census information Crown Copyright, from www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
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The transcription provided looks to me to be an accurate transcription. Interpretation is another matter.
"Straiter" may be meant to be "straightener".
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stanmapstone
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My answers only refer to England and Wales
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The Census clerk has catagorised both occupations, wrongly, as a platelayer.
However one apears to be Rail Straightener, and the other a Rail Dresser.
They would have worked in a steel rolling mill. A rail straightener put finished steel rails on to the bed of a 'gag press' for straightening rails. He sighted along the head of the rail from one end to a light at the other to detect bending. He moved the rail so that the crest of the curve was imediately under the press, then gave instructions to the rail gagger who operated the power press under his directions.
A Rail Dresser removed the roughness from rolled rails by chipping with a hammer and chisel or with a grinding wheel.
Stan
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DS
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Hi
I am not too familiar with Welsh place names either  but I am pretty sure that Anna Smith and her brother, David Davis (as they are listed) are both from Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorgan.
I think their mother is from Llanfihangel and I think the father, William, is from Llangeler, Carmarthenshire
This might be the same family....
1861
Bridgend RG9/4073 Folio 16 Page 36
Wm Davies Head M 46 Iron Railman Carmarthen Llangeler
Hannah do Wife M 45 Carmarthen Llanfihangel
David do Son U 12 Scholar Glamorgan Dowlais
Anne do Daur 9 Scholar Glamorgan Dowlais
+1 Boarder
Llangynwyd, Maesteg, Glamorgan
What do you think ?
DS 
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DS
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Here they are again (....happy as can be ...)....
1851
Merthyr Tydfil HO107/2459 Folio 190 Page 33
William Davies Head M 33 Railman Carmarthen
Hannah do Wife M 32 Carmarthen
David do Son U 1 Glamorgan Merthyr Tydfil
Margaret do Daur U 12 Carmarthen
+1 Lodger
Upper Brecon Street, Merthyr Tydfil
DS
Confirms that the mother was called Hannah.
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DS
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Jumping forward.... Unfortunately this entry is not a lot of help in directly identifying who the late husband was  . His name might have to be obtained from one of the children's birth certificates if we cannot find it out any other way.
1891
Stockton RG12/4052 Folio 43 Page 31
Annie Smith Head Widow 35 S Wales Dowlais
Robert do Son 16 Locomotive Foreman Durham Stockton
Annie L do Daur 13 Scholar Durham Stockton
Beatrice H do Daur 6 Scholar Durham Stockton
Hannah Davies Mother Widow 75 S Wales Carmarthenshire
52 Nicholson Street, Stockton on Tees
DS
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DS
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Hi Belinda
This might be interesting (if you have not already seen it)...
In 1874 a Robert Severs Smith married an Anne Davies in Stockton. The pairing is confirmed on Tees Valley Indexes.
A Robert Severs Smith was born in the last quarter of 1874 in Stockton...The son on the 1881 census is shown as Robert S.
It might all be coincidental, but maybe worth a look ?
You could contact Tees Valley Indexes http://www.teesvalley-indexes.co.uk/ about the 1874 Marriage and ask them to confirm that the brides mother and father were called Hannah and William (at no cost).
DS
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DS
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Hi Belinda
I am just writing to apologise for the nonsense which I suggested in my last post. I have just realised what I actually said.
The Marriage Entry for Robert Severs Smith and Anne Davies (reference S-AA-38-0-103) would not provide their mothers’ names. What I should have suggested was to ask if Anne's father was called William and if his occupation was Railman or similar.
The online (email) verification system also seems to be disabled at the moment for Stockton registrations (It is still working for Guisborough, Hartlepool and Middlesbrough).
In order to check Stockton registrations, Tees Valley Indexes are currently advising users to telephone 01642 527720. You might need to quote the references.
Apologies again for the previous advice.
If you have not managed already to get anything useful back by email, perhaps a telephone call might yield something.
DS
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DS
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Hi 
I am relieved that it was not a total disaster and pleased that it looks quite promising.
I have just noticed on your list of research names that you have Horan.
Robert Severs Smith married Margaret Hannah Horan in 1895. Do you already have the 1901 census entry for them ? If not, would you like it ?
DS
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Author
i am not familiar with wales and i cannot read the where born easily