Some people seem to have a misundertanding of what current DNA testing may provide the genealogist so I am pasting in a PM that I sent to KGarrad. There was nothing private about it so it shouldn't be a problem.
"If a person has the same DNA markers as you (1 million locations are tested), you ARE related. 3rd to 5th cousins are almost guaranteed to be found (IF they test), and it falls off from there. But even a 6th to tenth cousin (that's a lot of years) might have some names of your relatives in their profile. It just gives you another option when your own paper search runs dry.
It is more of a proven link, in many ways, than a paper trail (non-paternal events for example). Not all the people who test have excellent genealogies, but in my case I am desperate to find ancestors of a second and 3rd grandfather where no paper trail I have found pans out. If I find a person who matches my DNA to x degree who has a 5th great grandfather with my 3rd great grandfather's surname, and the time he lived is right and the location/ancestry is likely, then I am a lot closer to breaking down those walls.
If I made a dollar for every hour I've tried to find the predecessors I could buy this DNA test many times over. I have my own tree well documented in US to mid 1600s (many paternal lines), and equally well documented in Scotland and England to mid 1700s for maternal lines. The blanks drive me crazy!"
The science of DNA is well developed, and only getting better. The companies do a computerized comparison and give you ONLY links to people who are related to you in a genealogical timeframe; this can be from dozens to hundreds of people, but there is an empirically true link. People from historically "inbred" populations, e.g. Ashkenazim Jews, French Canadians, Colonial Americans, etc. get a lot of "hits". There is then real work involved (he, we're all used to that!) to determine where the actual genealogical connection is. It is not a magic bullet, just another tool in the family researcher's toolkit.
Off to bed for real now.
Nick