Part 2 of 2
Also, there are those that are trying very hard to convince others that atDNA testing address brick walls. They have a bias of atDNA testing since they started out with atDNA testing. Also, YDNA testing only covers one all male line, so its investment to make progress is much higher but the yields will be much better in the long run. Once you reach back into the 1700s, atDNA matches just fall off the map - yes I know that there can be exceptions but there are definitely technical limitations in atDNA testing. Also, those testing mtDNA - I just do not understand why there is such interest by genealogists who are falling into the hype of being a all female line test. mtDNA has only 16,000 base pairs in its structure and YDNA has 58,000,000 base pairs (only around 20,000,000 can be read currently or is useful for genealogical research). In the battle of sample size, mtDNA just is not relevant unless you want to contribute to the migration of women kind thousands of years ago. There are a handful of exceptions - but this biology just has extreme limitations associated with it.
YDNA remains mainly an investment in the future for most testers. However, a growing number of YDNA testers are making some serious progress. With Big Y testing, we are now regularly getting a new mutation every five generations or so. If you use mutations in complex areas of the YCHR, you can get that down to every four generations and FGC's YElite tests with 30 % more coverage, gets you down to one mutation every three generations. The Chromium enhanced YElite test covers right at twice of much as Big Y (currently too high of cost at $2,950), but YSNP mutations could get down to every two generations.
Throw in YSTR mutations at 67 markers into this mix and you can actually start finding a few combination of YSTRs and YSNPs assigned to a very unique few testers that are now being assigned to actual ancestors on pedigree charts (less than one percent now). For instance, the YSNP mutation Y5610 means that you are direct descendant of King Brian Boru (lived just over 1,000 years ago). We also have five YSNP branches below Y5610 and around ten branches based on a combination of YSNPs and YSTR mutations. That is really starting to make some serious genealogical progress on this very common Irish surname = O'Brien. On the downside, the vast majority of even the R-L226 O'Brien testers are not descendants of King Brian Boru.
Once we figure out how to use the 500 YSTRs being reported with every Big Y test, we will have several mutations assigned to each male ancestor on our pedigree chart in the next ten years. Unfortunately, this will require ten to one hundred times the current testers to sort out, IT costs and software tools will far exceed the costs of the actual DNA testing and much of the analysis will no longer be possible via manual analysis (requiring very complex software to sort out). But the long term promise of YDNA testing is nothing less revolutionary. However, this kind of progress will not be found by all. Those that have prolific numbers of offspring will get there first. Those that are very genetically isolated will get there first. Those with ancestors in western Europe will get there sooner due to the market driven aspect.