JJ,
It seems that Peter was 20, not 30.
1871 census has, at Arnloss Colliery Slamannan, Peter RANKINE 22 Coal Miner, born Polmont Linlithgow; Jane wife 17 b Denny, Stirling; Elizabeth daughter 2 months, b Slamannan; and a boarder, also a coal miner, Charlie JARVIE.
1881 census 105 Roughrigg Row, New Monkland Landward Lanarkshire, Peter RANKIN 33 Coal Miner, b Slamannan; Jane 27 wife b Slamannan; and children Elizabeth 10 b Slamannan; the rest born New Monkland - James 8 ; Mathew 5; Agnes 3; Marion 1.
From the IGI:
Elizabeth RANKINE b Slamannan Stirling, 4 Jan 1871, parents Peter RANKINE & Jeanie HOGGIN.
James RANKIN b New Monkland, Lanark, 18 Jan 1873, parents Peter RANKIN & Jane HOGGANS.
(Submitted entry) Peter RANKINE, b 1849, Polmont Stirling, parents James RANKINE & Agnes MARSHALL.
I don't see an entry for Jane's pre-1855 birth/baptism. But several extracted entries for younger siblings, children of Matthew HOGGAN & Elizabeth PATON all b Slamannan - Robert (surname as HUGGINS) b 1856, John b 1857, Helen 1859, John 1861, David 1863, and James 1865.
Jane's father seems to have re-married. In 1881, Mathew HOGGANS is at Arnloss Colliery with a wife Margaret, his sons David 7 and James 5 (from his first marriage), four GRAY children (presumably Margaret's from a previous marriage), and a William HOGGANS 10 mths (presumably from the second marriage).
JAP