Hi Wendy,
I appreciate this is an old thread, but I have also been looking into Charles Ferry and thought I would share what I've found in case you or anyone else is still looking. I am a descendant of Charles's son John.
Like you, I couldn't find anything on Charles prior to his marriage to Mary Smith in 1887. All I knew was:
GRO Index: Charles Ferry, S 1860, Liverpool, No Mother's Maiden Name
Marriage record: Father John Ferry (Ship's carpenter, deceased). Mother Frances.
Since there was no MMN on the birth record, I have to assume John Ferry was invented and Frances was unmarried.
The 1861 family mentioned further up this thread is correct. Frances FERRY is living with her siblings Margaret and John, plus her sons John and Charles STURGESS.
By 1871, Frances "married" (I am dubious as I can't find any marriage record) someone called WHALLEY. In the 1871 census, Frances was widowed and running a lodging house at Atkinson St, with her sons John and Charles WHALLEY.
One of her lodgers was called William Gellan, and I assume this is the father of the twins Frances had at the end of 1871 (GRO: William and Mary Ann GILLON, S 1871, Liverpool, MMN Ferry).
In 1880, Frances married Richard MAWDSLEY. There is a record on Ancestry for a Mawdsley-Whalley marriage, where the father is Cornelius FERRY.
In 1881, Frances is living with Richard MAWDSLEY, with her sons John and Charles WHALLEY, and son William GILLON. Mary Ann Gillon died in 1871.
I am certain all of the above is correct, as William Gillon was the witness at Charles Ferry's marriage to Mary Smith. Also, in the 1871 census, William Gillon Snr was a painter and glazier, and Charles Ferry later went on to become a house painter - possibly aged 11 he was sent out to work with William!
I can also find Frances Ferry in the 1841 census - living with her siblings Margaret and John, plus mother Margaret and another sibling Ellen. You can find all their christening records at St Mary's on Ancestry (sometimes the father is listed as Neil rather than Cornelius). I can't find any of them in 1851. I believe Cornelius had died in 1830, and the rest of the family expect Frances had all passed by the end of 1861, when Frances was aged 29.
So it is a rather complicated family! It doesn't make a lot of sense as you go through, but by the end it does all come round in a nice little circle back to Charles Ferry's marriage record!
I hope that's helpful to you, or anyone else researching in the future. I'd love to know how you're related to Charles Ferry, and anything else you've found out. For example - I can't find the workhouse birth record you mentioned.
Jo