Occasionally a census form shows the name or number of a house or street, but frequently it doesn’t. Is there a way in which to refer the enumeration district number, household ID etc. to a proper address?
The concept of a "proper address" is a relatively modern one.
In the current GPS era, councils are "persuaded" to invent road names for country lanes that never had one before, with the explanation that the ambulance or fire engine might not know how to get there otherwise.
In the 1980s I can remember the Royal Mail adverts "Pass on the Postcode, you're not properly addressed without it".
But the question is about census returns which date between 1841 and 1901. Certainly in those earlier decades, in a typical village, the enumerator would be told to visit every house in the village, or perhaps every house east of Church Lane, and that's what they would do. Perhaps if the house had a name, that name would be included, or a description "Court Farm House" or "The Vicarage" or "Lower Lodges". If the road had a name that would be shown but quite regularly there is no entry because the enumerator didn't need one. And if you asked a villager what is that house, they would probably say that is the Bartons' house or the Jacksons' house or the shoemaker's house.
In towns you will probably get a street name most of the time and as you go later in the century you start finding house numbers in some places especially where an estate was being built rather than individual houses.
So I would think it's unlikely that in the cases you're interested in, there will be a more "proper" address that belongs to a dwelling.