A lot depends on the timeline, as to what records are available.
However, in most cases the churches your ancestors were married, baptised or buried have survived (in some cases repurposed). And old maps of where they lived. In many cases houses survive, and in some cases I have found photos on the internet of the roads they lived in (from the local records office).
There may be school records, and in some cases the school still exists.
The occupation they had, and did this reflect the area the lived in, etc
Wills are very useful as it is the actual words of the deceased, and this can be insightful.
Local newspapers, re events that happened at the location.