5
« on: Saturday 20 March 10 21:24 GMT (UK) »
During the civil war there was great bitterness on both sides, the death of Michael Collins on the 22nd Aug was a key event. Feelings were undoubtably running high, paronia and summary executions were likely
Immmediately following this incident key personnel of the Dublin squad were sent to Cork/Kerry and the rate of summary executions increased.
Wikpedia states:
The use of execution by the Irish Free State in the civil war was relatively harsh compared to the British record.
In contrast with 77 official executions by the Irish Free State government, the British had allegedly officially executed 24 IRA volunteers and the IRA had condemned to death a few dozen enemies during the 1919-21 War of Independence.[1] One of the reasons for the draconian Free State policy from October 1922 was the death of Michael Collins, the commander of Free State forces in an ambush on 22 August. Collins had hoped for a speedy reconciliation of the warring Irish nationalist factions, demanding that Republicans must 'accept the People's Verdict' but then could 'go home without their arms... We want to avoid any possible unnecessary destruction and loss of life. We do not want to mitigate their weakness by resolute action beyond what is required'.[2]
After his death, however, the Free State government, led by W. T. Cosgrave, Richard Mulcahy and Kevin O'Higgins, took the position that the anti-Treaty IRA were conducting an unlawful rebellion against the legitimate Irish government and should be treated as criminals rather than as combatants. O'Higgins in particular voiced the opinion that the use of martial law was the only way to bring the war to an end.[3]
Another factor contributing to the executions policy was the escalating level of violence. In the first two months of the Civil War (July–August 1922), Free State forces had successfully taken all the territory held by Republicans and the war seemed all but over. However, after the Anti-Treaty side resorted to guerrilla tactics in August–September, National Army casualties mounted and they even lost control over some of the territory taken in the Irish Free State offensive. The town of Kenmare, for example, was re-taken by Anti-Treaty fighters on 9 September and held by them until early December.