Hi Chris
In 1851 the full entry read
Gt Eversden
Charles Buttler head marr 48 publican born Royston Cambs
Ann Buttler wife 44 b Haslingfield Cambs
Eliza Buttler dau unmarr 18 b Harlton
William Buttler son 13 b Harlton
George Buttler son 10 b Harlton
Allice Buttler dau 8 b Harlton
John Buttler son 5 b Gt Eversden
Ann Podington servant 18 house servant b Barrington Cambs
If you use the link Frances gave you to Cambs FHS you'll find Ann Charles in the baptism index. Her family appears to have been non-conformist so Charles may have been as well, which possibly explains why I can't see him in the baptism index. The other possible reason is that Royston was actually in Hertfordshire rather than Cambs, but the register has been extracted onto the IGI and I can't see him there either.
I don't see a lot of point in contacting Cambs FHS unless you want to join (always a good idea) , or buy a fiche. They don't run a research service.
If you want a copy of the furniture sale contact Cambridge Records Office, likewise with the other entry on A2A regarding Charles from Royston -
http://www.a2a.org.uk/search/index.aspput in Keyword:Butler and Location Cambridgeshire County Record Office, Cambridge and you'll find it.
Your next step should be to find the Haslingfield marriage entry in the parish register to see what additional detail it contains - it won't have parents, but you may get a clue from the names of the witnesses.
If you want to double check that you have the right marriage you'll need to order the birth certificate of one of the children from which you'll get the parents including mother's maiden name.
I'm an idiot. I've just remembered that I've got the Gt Eversden PR transcript.
Eliza's marriage
17 April 1853
William Strickland jun bachelor 30 farmer of Little Eversden son of William farmer married
Eliza Butler 21 spinster dau of Charles publican
Witnesses: Edward Charles, Caroline Charles
But there's no baptism for John c1845 so perhaps they definitely were non-conformists
Hope this helps
Regards
David