Pre-1813, the mother's surname was almost never recorded. Earlier than this - perhaps early 1700s (but it does depend on the parish and the incumbent) the mother's name was not recorded.
In the period 1813 -1837, you may find the mother's surname recorded, but it was not compulsory and depended on the person filling out the record. I have seen registers which do and do not record the mother's surname.
Unless of course, you are lucky enough to find an entry in a Dade register............
Dade registers are a particularly detailed type of printed or manuscript baptism and burial register which were used from late 18th century to 1812 and named after William Dade, a Yorkshire clergyman.
A baptismal entry in these registers would include the dates of birth and baptism, the position of a child in the family, the occupation and place or origin of the father and mother and often the details of the child's grandparetns. Some burial entries would record the age of the deceased, his or her parentage (no matter how old the person was) occupation, cause of death and the name of the husband in the case of a married woman.
A large number of parishes used this recording system (or something similar) in County Durham, Northumberland, parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. There were also a few parishes in Berkshire, Devon, Essex, Surrey and Wiltshire.
Nell