Hi Shellyesq! Thank you immensely for your suggestions. I apologize for the delay in responding. I got very busy with work and home for a few weeks and had to put this research on hold. The Elmira census records for Catherine are definitely her as she was living there with my grandfather and granduncles, despite her calculated birth year varying from 1866 to 1870!
The death certificate you found is almost certainly my GGF. We know they lived in Parsons and that he was a stone mason. I have found corroborating census records from 1900 and 1910:
https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/M3Q3-DQ3https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MG4G-TCB (Note: Owen was misread as Alvin)
I had no idea when he died (or how - but now I do! Thanks to you) but it all adds up. After Owen died in 1913 as the result of an accident, Catherine and her sons moved north, where you found them in the 1915 census.
The good news is that we now have more vital clues:
1) The Certificate of Death lists Owen's parents as: Owen Jones and Annie Evens (or Evans) both born in Wales.
2) In the 1925 census Catherine self-reports being born in "North Wales" so that narrows things down a bit for her but it should not imply that Owen and/or his parents were also from there.
I have yet to find any evidence to indicate that Owen and Catherine knew each other before they each came to America. Some documents infer that they both immigrated in 1886 or 1887 but not necessarily together. We do know that they married 26 JUN 1889 in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. His residence is recorded as Parsons, PA and hers Miners, PA.
https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VF9V-44YInterestingly both of their birth dates are recorded on the Marriage License with just the year, as if neither knew the day or month. And these are 1861 for Owen and 1866 for Catherine which puts them each a year or more older than many other inferences.
Anyway, I really appreciate the additional information you have provided!
Thank you!!
John Jones