Here is a possible 1840 census:
1840 United States Federal Census
Name: Thomas Robertson [Thomas Robinson]
Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Roane, Tennessee
Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 2
Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1
Persons Employed in Agriculture: 3
Free White Persons - Under 20: 6
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
Total Free White Persons: 9
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 9
Source Citation
Year: 1840; Census Place: Roane, Tennessee; Roll: 535; Page: 95;
There is also a Thomas Robinson on the 1830 census in Roane. The transcript shows Thomas R Robinson but the original is just Thomas Robinson:
VIEW 1830 United States Federal Census
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Name: Thomas R Robinson
[Thomas Robinson]
Home in 1830 (City, County, State): Roane, Tennessee
Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1
Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2
Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 2
Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 2
Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1
Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1
Slaves - Males - 10 thru 23: 1
Free White Persons - Under 20: 9
Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2
Total Free White Persons: 11
Total Slaves: 1
Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 12
Source Citation
1830; Census Place: Roane, Tennessee; Series: M19; Roll: 180; Page: 27
1820 census
There are only 3 Robinson (or similar) entries for the 1820 census. One is unlikely because there are no children. If there was information on children born it might be possible to identify if one of the other two was Thomas Lee:
Name Home in 1820 (City, County, State) Total Number of All Persons -
Thomas Prolinson White, Tennessee 4
Thomas Robinson Hardin, Tennessee 2
Thomas Robinson White, Tennessee 5