Thanks, Elwyn!
I guess I am assuming that his degree was Theology, but I do not know that for certain. I found this in a sermon from 1869 about the history of the church that he had previously been part of:
Mr. Taylor, the first Rector, was a man of strong mind, more fond of Natural Science, perhaps, than of Theology. I am told by one who knew him well that so great was his love of Astronomy, that he sometimes spent the entire night in the open air, watching the movements of the Heavenly bodies.
I will contact The Presbyterian Historical Society and Armagh Observatory. Thanks so much for these suggestions, they are very helpful.