Bill - I was reading your speculative list of "IFs"...the lore recalls distillers, engravers, etc. I've mentioned them all before. But the more I find out about the various Halpin families the less sure I am of what I've been told. There really are so many confusing variables that I wonder if we could ever rest satisfied that the links connecting the families were safely proved. I can certainly produce a few Halpin distillers who are contemporaries of Nicholas, and when those sources are placed alongside others they can be very suggestive. The lore is fruitful in one respect, and a real distraction in another. Still'n all - it was right about the connection between your George and the Wicklow Halpins, and many of our recent findings offer tantalising possibilities in regard to the Portarlington link. Scratch away at the surface, however, and other possibilities soon arise. It's all a bit frustrating, I'm afraid, and will remain so until I really stack all the references up side by side and have a hard look at them in the cold light of day. I spoke to an old aunt about the lore - she's been the most level-headed authority I have. What she said was interesting: she had no idea, of course, if the lore was true. Our research excited her. But she urged me to remember that when the revolutionary period in modern Irish history began - roughly from the 1916 Rising through to the Civil War ten years later - many supporters of the Republicans were anxious to acquire some kind of heroic lineage, to give themselves a kudos, I suppose, that others would envy. The aunt believes that Edwin was very sociable and well liked by young buck Fenians, and there were occasions, she thought, when he must have become a bit of a story-telling braggart, impressing upon his younger listeners his "family's" Republican traditions. Academics would often attend these get-togethers of would-be revolutionaries, and it is suggested that Edwin might have found out from them at least some of the things that were passed down to us as lore. So the provenance of some of the stories we were told may have to be taken with a grain of salt. I only found this out a couple of months ago, and while it doesn't alter our quest for information on our respective relatives, it does introduce a note of caution into the discussion regarding the familial links between all three families. I'll work harder on getting relevant information to all of you which may help us nail the issue one way or another once and for all. But it may be the sort of issue we never definitively resolve.