OK, so they needed to learn to read and write.... In NSW in around 1870, compulsory secular education was coming to the fore. Mind you in rural areas, it took a little longer (School rooms needed to be built, on land that needed to be found, and teachers needed to be appointed to remote locations, so a building for them and family needed to be built too).
Ted, I am NSW centric, so I have no idea how to research VIC records to see if there's info available about schooling in the 19th C, but hopefully there's RChatters who will know.
Perhaps Trove can give some background info as to when a school commenced in a particular district. None of my lot would have been in Vic long enough to have attended school .... Only one family in Vic and then only for such a short time before going up overland into the Darling Back Blocks .... I can show where two of my Darling BB families managed to have .... (this long before TV of course, as it is from 1860s-1880s) 31 students out of the 36 students at the one teacher school.... And, at different times, the boys were withdrawn and sent off droving with their Dads... so the teacher had to reduce the school hours to HALF days .... and got paid half pay ....
for his effort.
Cheers, JM